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World around us

•    world around me:
•    it is my family
-    I live with my mother, stepfather and halfbrother Joseph in Kopřivnice
-    my father live in Bartošovice with his wife, she has 2 children from her first marriage, they are twins and 21-year-old, and my father and his wife (I say her: aunt) they have children, he is my second halfbrother too and his name is David
-    every weekend I am in Ženklava, there liveparents of my father, I love this place
•    it is my school
-    I am visiting this Secondary school for 4 years, I have friends here, I have a boyfriend here
•    world around us:
•    it existed a lot of problems on world, you can see it in TV, listen on radio or read in newspaper:
•    it is problems of all society:
•    murder
-    it means kill somebody, the most horrible crime, for murder is the biggest punishment
-    it can be planning or in affect
-    the person is murderer when kill somebody, it can be mass murder – kill more people at a time, serial killer – kill repeatedly and the same method
-    it can be unintentional (= neúmyslné), self-defence (= sebeobrana)
-    I cannot imagine, I kill somebody (maybe to safe my family)
•    robbery (= loupež)
-    it means take something what isn’t your and you don’t ask
-    it typical for people who needs money
-    in bigger cities is existed group robbery – they are prepare: one start to talk with you, the second take you money and give it the third, who left
-    when I was 4, I have stolen small honey, it cost 1Kč, it looked very nice a want it, I didn’t ask my mum: “Do you buy it for me?” I take it, today – we laugh it
•    rape
-    it means when person want sexual intercourse and do it and another person don’t want it
-    it is typical in Africa, states on south of Asia f.e. Arabia – women haven’t any rights
-    for me is horrible rape of children (in TV) – I don’t understand it
•    arson (= žhářství)
-    it means make a fire on purpose because of destruction
-    scientist say: “People like this aren’t criminal, he is sick, it is psychic problem.”
•    criminality of teenagers
-    it one of most horrible in this days
-    they smoking cigarettes, they drink alcohol, steal money or things, using drugs, play computer games – they are aggressive (try to burn cat, kill somebody)
•    drugs
-    it is problem of famous stars, actors, mother with children or children – one of the biggest problem on the world
-    you start to use it and never finish it, it is change your life to bad, you lost family, friend, you spend all money by drugs and you start to stole
-    for young people is typical light drugs like ecstasy (= extáze), you fan more and you can dance longer time, but you can’t death to hydration – you don’t need drink when you take ecstasy but body need it
-    the other light drug is marihuana – when you smoke it everything is ok, you want only smile, but every cigarettes lower your IQ to 1 to 5 points, after one year of smoking you are going to be stupid
-    before light drugs is caffeine (= kofein),
-    hard drugs is cocaine – it is very hard drug, but it is in Coca-Cola, heroin, nicotine
-    wean for dugs (= odvyknout si): very difficult
•    AIDS
-    it is illness, virus HIV destroy your immune, it don’t function – you can death because of flu f.e.
-    you can get it of person who have it by body fluids
-    medicine doesn’t exist
-    it is typical in Africa – there have AIDS men, women, children – men go to town for work, have a sex with prostitute, give AIDS to his wife, she has infected child, sometimes women work like prostitutes and give it to their husbands and to children
-    in this days, mother who has AIDS can have health baby, doctors can slow down this illness, you get drugs for immune
•    smoking
-    it is health problem, I am not smoker, my mum is smoker
-    you lungs are destroy because of paper around cigarettes, which burns – get cancer of lungs or toque, your blood vessels  (= cévy) are smaller, your breath is worst
-    your brain need nicotine – you are less nervous, better sleep
•    unemployment
-    if you haven’t work, you haven’t money, you haven’t nothing to eat or where to live
-    in Czech republic is high unemployment but state give you some money, it calls “support”
•    famine (= hladomor)
-    it means on your land isn’t anything to eat, all people haven’t food
-    it is in Africa, the children have blow up abdomen and under skin only bones and cry because the are hungry, it is horrible
-    it was during wars, people hadn’t crop, in shops were nothing, people have eaten death bodies
•    racism
-    it means when one kind of people with one colour think, they are better than the other colour
-    in the USA was typical in history – black people was take from Africa like slavers to the USA and they haven’t any rights
-    1865 was abolish slavery after Civil war by Lincoln
-    black people were free but white people still were “better”
-    in 1929 was born Martin Luther King – he was black and he try safe right of black people: they can’t have the same things like white – notices: For black, for white, when old black lady didn’t let go to sit white person – he start fight but peaceful protests and by speeches
-    in 1964 – rights of black people was in American constitution and in 1965 – Black people can vote
•    population fears
-    scientists are afraid: in 2100 on Earth will life so much person, it means less food, more famine, less drink water, less drugs for ill people and so on
•    environment
Greenhouse effect
•    Greenhouse
-    small building made from glass
-    through glass sunshine goes but not back and in greenhouse is warm for plant
•     native greenhouse effect
-    it exists because of our Earth, it is useful for having a good temperature on Earth
•    anthropogenic greenhouse effect
-    it exists because of people, people cut forest and burning fossil fuels and so on
-    in atmosphere are a lot of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide CO2, water, methane CH4 and so on)
-    greenhouse gases function like glass in greenhouse (sunshine goes through the greenhouse gases but not back and in greenhouse is warm for our people and our Earth)
•    dissolving of glaciers, the water level goes up
Acid rain
•    native acid rain
-    because of carbon dioxide CO2, it is in atmosphere
-    it mixed with water CO2 + H2O → H2CO3 carbonic acid
-    on land fallen acid rain
•    anthropogenic acid rain
-    because of sulphur dioxide SO2, it is in volcano and in fossil fuels
-    it mixed with oxygen SO2 + O2 → SO3 sulphur trioxide
-    it mixed with water SO3 + H2O → H2SO4 sulphuric acid
-    on land fallen acid rain
-    because of nitrogen oxide NO, it is in cars
•    it destroys trees
•    in land: it destroys plants and animals have not food
•    in water: it destroys fishes and water plants
•    in civilisation: it destroys buildings Notre Dame in Paris

Ozone hole
•    ozone
-    it’s type of oxygen, there are 3 atoms of oxygen, write: O3
-    we need it because ozone absorbs dangerous UV (Ultraviolet) rays and protects our Earth
-    ozone is in stratosphere, it’s layer in 10 to 50 km from Earth
-    it’s toxic for people
•    how and when ozone originate (= vzniknout)?
-    ozone originated million years ago
-    when flowers growed under water and on Earth wasn’t life, there wasn’t life because of UV rays
-    the flowers in water made photosynthesis and oxygen got above water and because of UV rays started to joined and it originate ozone O3
-    after that Earth was save and life could go from water
•    hole
-    people release (= uvolňovat) chemicals into atmosphere
-    chemicals – it means CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) and halons we started to produce it in 1930 – we used it in refrigerators (= chladnička), air conditioners, cleaning  fluids (= tekutina), they were parts of aerosol sprays for many years
-    but most horrible are factories, they used the higgest percent of this chemicals
-    in 1974 scientists say hypothesis: CFCs are getting into stratosphere and they are destroying ozone layer
-    now we know it’s true and it’s horrible true
-    the first we can see ozone hole in 80’s above the Antarctic, today ozone hole is above South America, Australia and all north hemisphere
•    what happen in stratosphere?
1)    CFCs escape into atmosphere and attack ozone f.ex. chlorine attacks molecule of O3, it takes one oxygen and now there isn’t ozone, there are only chlorine monoxide ClO and oxygen O2
2)    chlorine monoxide ClO meets oxygen O and it creates chlorine Cl and oxygen O2
3)    chlorine Cl can attacks molecule of O3 again
-    one atom chlorine destroys 100 000 ozone molecules, it means ozone can’t replenish (= doplnit) and in ozone layer is hole now
-    in 1990, most of industrial nations agreed to stop using this chemicals, but some nations are using it now
-    exactly: in 1987 was rewrote Montreal treaty – it treaty about reduction and stopping production of CFCs
-    but if all factories and homes stop to using this chemicals and never used again, the ozone layer will be still destroyed by this chemical for 100 years because chemicals standing in ozone layer for 100 years
•    what does it mean for our Earth?
-    dissolving of glaciers because of hot
-    cancer (= rakovina) because of UV rays – typical is skin cancer (= rakovina kůže) because of sunbathing on UV rays
-    gen mutation (sheeps on mountains have a big problems today – problems with eyes)
-    sunshine is most important for flowers, vegetables and fruits, they are smaller, product less photosynthesis, we have less oxygen
-    reduction immunity
Recycling
•    important in this days
•    process when you can use one product more times and economize (= šetřit) nature
•    before houses are dustbin (= popelnice) with special colours: blue – papers, yellow – plastic, green – glass
Pollution of seas and rivers
•    because of fertiliser (= hnojivo) in agriculture, chemical protection of plants, production of chemical materials, rubbish, sewage drains (= domovní kanalizace), industry
•    materials: nitrogen, ammonia, cyanophytes
•    fishes are dieing, less fresh water, diseases


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